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Strafrecht – Volkel ECLI:NL:HR:1994:ZC9616

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Datum: 25 februari 1994

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Rechtbankniveau: Hoge Raad

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Rechtsgebied: Strafrecht

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Wetsartikelen: /

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Casus

Op vliegbasis Volkel was te veel brandstof in een brandstofopslagtank gepompt. Hierdoor was er een hoeveelheid kerosine uit de opslagtank gelekt. Dit was een overtreding van de Wet Bodembescherming. De centrale overheid, de Staat, was verantwoordelijk voor hetgeen op de vliegbasis gebeurde en werd daarom vervolgd voor de overtreding.

Rechtsvraag

Kan de centrale overheid strafrechtelijk worden vervolgd?

De rechtbank

De rechtbank stelde dat de staat vervolgd kon worden en veroordeelde de staat.

Hoge Raad

De Hoge Raad gaf in dit arrest drie criteria voor de strafrechtelijke immuniteit van openbare lichamen. Wanneer deze vragen bevestigend worden beantwoord, kan er geen strafrechtelijke vervolging zijn.

• Er moet sprake zijn van een openbaar lichaam in de zin van hoofdstuk 7 van de Grondwet;
• Er moet sprake zijn van een aan dat openbare lichaam opgedragen overheidstaak;
• Het openbare lichaam moet handelen om de aan haar exclusief opgedragen overheidstaak uit te voeren.

De Hoge Raad concludeerde dat de centrale overheid niet vervolgd kan worden.

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